Class 11 Chapter 4  The Ailing planet 

Class 11 Chapter 4  The Ailing planet 

The following article was written by Nani Palkhivala and published in The Indian Express on 24 November 1994. The issues that he raised regarding the declining health of the earth continue to have relevance.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
followingफॉलोइंगनिम्नलिखित
articleआर्टिकललेख
Naniनानीनानी
Palkhivalaपालखीवालापालखीवाला
publishedपब्लिश्डप्रकाशित
Indianइंडियनभारतीय
Expressएक्सप्रेसएक्सप्रेस
Novemberनवम्बरनवम्बर
issuesइश्यूज़मुद्दे
raisedरेज्डउठाया
decliningडीक्लाइनिंगक्षय
healthहेल्थस्वास्थ्य
earthअर्थपृथ्वी
continueकंटिन्यूजारी रखें
relevanceरेलेवन्सप्रासंगिकता

ONE cannot recall any movement in world history which has gripped the imagination of the entire human race so completely and so rapidly as the Green Movement which started nearly twenty-five years ago. In 1972 the world’s first nationwide Green party was founded in New Zealand. Since then, the movement has not looked back.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
movementमूवमेंटआंदोलन
worldवर्ल्डदुनिया
historyहिस्ट्रीइतिहास
imaginationइमेजिनेशनकल्पना
raceरेसदौड़
Greenग्रीनहरा
partyपार्टीपार्टी
New Zealandन्यूज़ीलैंडन्यूज़ीलैंड
movementमूवमेंटआंदोलन
lookedलुक्डदेखा
backबैकपीछे

We have shifted — one hopes, irrevocably — from the mechanistic view to a holistic and ecological view of the world. It is a shift in human perceptions as revolutionary as that introduced by Copernicus who taught mankind in the sixteenth century that the earth and the other planets revolved round the sun.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
viewव्यूदृष्टिकोण
worldवर्ल्डदुनिया
shiftशिफ्टपरिवर्तन
hopesहोप्सआशा
irrevocablyइरेवोकेबलीअविलंब से
mechanisticमेकेनिस्टिकयंत्रवादी
holisticहोलिस्टिकसमग्र
ecologicalइकोलॉजिकलपारिस्थितिकी
shiftशिफ्टपरिवर्तन
perceptionsपरसेप्शन्सअनुभूतियाँ
revolutionaryरेवलूशनरीक्रांतिकारी
introducedइन्ट्रड्यूस्डप्रस्तुत किया
taughtटॉटसिखाया
mankindमैंकाइंडमानवता
sixteenthसिक्स्टींथसोलहवीं
centuryसेंचुरीसदी
earthअर्थपृथ्वी
planetsप्लैनेट्सग्रहों
revolvedरिवॉल्व्डघूमना
roundराउंडचारों ओर
sunसनसूर्य

 For the first time in human history, there is a growing worldwide consciousness that the earth itself is a living organism — an enormous being of which we are parts. It has its own metabolic needs and vital processes which need to be respected and preserved.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
timeटाइमसमय
humanह्यूमनमानव
historyहिस्ट्रीइतिहास
growingग्रोइंगबढ़ती हुई
worldwideवर्ल्डवाइडविश्वव्यापी
consciousnessकंशनेसचेतना
earthअर्थपृथ्वी
organismआर्गेनिज़मजीव
enormousइनॉर्मसविशाल
beingबीइंगहोना
partsपार्ट्सअंग
metabolicमेटाबोलिकआयामिक
needsनीड्सआवश्यकताएं
vitalवाइटलमहत्वपूर्ण
processesप्रोसेसेसप्रक्रियाएं
respectedरिस्पेक्टेडसम्मानित
preservedप्रिसर्व्डसंरक्षित

The earth’s vital signs reveal a patient in declining health. We have begun to realise our ethical obligations to be good stewards of the planet and responsible trustees of the legacy to future generations.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
earthअर्थपृथ्वी
vitalवाइटलमहत्वपूर्ण
signsसाइंससंकेत
patientपेशेंटमरीज़
decliningडीक्लाइनिंगक्षय
healthहेल्थस्वास्थ्य
realiseरिअलाइज़समझना
ethicalएथिकलनैतिक
obligationsऑब्लिगेशन्सअनुशासन
goodगुडअच्छा
stewardsस्टूवर्ड्सप्रबंधक
planetप्लैनेटग्रह
responsibleरिस्पोंसिबलज़िम्मेदार
trusteesट्रस्टीज़न्यायाधीश
legacyलेगेसीविरासत
futureफ्यूचरभविष्य
generationsजेनरेशन्सपीढ़ी

The concept of sustainable development was popularised in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development. In its report it defined the idea as “Development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs”, i.e., without stripping the natural world of resources future generations would need.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
conceptकॉन्सेप्टअवधारणा
sustainableसस्टेनेबलस्थायी
developmentडेवलपमेंटविकास
popularisedपॉपुलराइज़डप्रसिद्ध
Worldवर्ल्डविश्व
Commissionकमिशनआयोग
Environmentएनवायरनमेंटपर्यावरण
reportरिपोर्टरिपोर्ट
definedडिफ़ाइंडपरिभाषित
ideaआइडियाविचार
needsनीड्सआवश्यकताएं
presentप्रेज़ंटवर्तमान
compromisingकॉम्प्रोमाइज़िंगसमझौता करना
abilityअबिलिटीक्षमता
futureफ्यूचरभविष्य
generationsजेनरेशन्सपीढ़ी
meetमीटपूरा करना
strippingस्ट्रिपिंगछीनना
naturalनैचुरलप्राकृतिक
worldवर्ल्डदुनिया
resourcesरिसोर्सेज़संसाधन
needनीडआवश्यकता

In the zoo at Lusaka, Zambia, there is a cage where the notice reads, ‘The world’s most dangerous animal’. Inside the cage there is no animal but a mirror where you see yourself. Thanks to the efforts of a number of agencies in different countries, a new awareness has now dawned upon the most dangerous animal in the world.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
zooज़ूचिड़ियाघर
Lusakaलुसाकालुसाका
Zambiaज़ाम्बियाज़ाम्बिया
cageकेजपिंजरा
noticeनोटिसनोटिस
worldवर्ल्डदुनिया
dangerousडेंजरसखतरनाक
animalऐनिमलजानवर
mirrorमिररदर्पण
yourselfयुरसेल्फखुद
effortsएफ़र्ट्सप्रयास
agenciesएजेंसिज़एजेंसियों
countriesकंट्रीज़देशों
newन्यूनया
awarenessअवेयरनेसजागरूकता
dawnedडॉन्डउदय हुआ
mostमोस्टसबसे
dangerousडेंजरसखतरनाक
animalऐनिमलजानवर
worldवर्ल्डदुनिया

He has realised the wisdom of shifting from a system based on domination to one based on partnership. Scientists have catalogued about 1.4 million living species with which mankind shares the earth.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
wisdomविज़डमबुद्धिमानी
shiftingशिफ्टिंगपरिवर्तन
systemसिस्टमप्रणाली
dominationडॉमिनेशनवश में लेना
partnershipपार्टनरशिपसाझेदारी
Scientistsसाइंटिस्ट्सवैज्ञानिक
cataloguedकैटलॉग्डसूचीबद्ध
millionमिलियनदस लाख
livingलिविंगजीवंत
speciesस्पीशीज़प्रजाति
mankindमैंकाइंडमानवता
sharesशेयर्ससाझा करना
earthअर्थपृथ्वी

 Estimates vary widely as regards the still-uncatalogued living species — biologists reckon that about three to a hundred million other living species still languish unnamed in ignominious darkness.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
Estimatesएस्टिमेट्सअनुमान
varyवेरीभिन्नता
widelyवाइडलीव्यापकता
regardsरिगार्ड्ससंबंध
still-uncataloguedस्टिल-अनकैटलॉग्डअभी तक सूचीबद्ध नहीं
livingलिविंगजीवंत
speciesस्पीशीज़प्रजाति
biologistsबायोलॉजिस्ट्सजैवविज्ञानी
reckonरेकनमानना
aboutअबाउटकरीब
threeथ्रीतीन
hundredहंड्रेडसौ
millionमिलियनदस लाख
otherअदरअन्य
stillस्टिलअभी भी
languishलैंग्विशबिगड़ते रहना
unnamedअनेम्डनामरहित
ignominiousइग्नोमिनियसअपमानपूर्ण
darknessडार्कनेसअंधकार

One of the early international commissions which dealt, inter alia, with the question of ecology and environment was the Brandt Commission which had a distinguished Indian as one of its members — Mr L.K. Jha.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
internationalइंटरनेशनलअंतरराष्ट्रीय
commissionsकमीशंसआयोग
dealtडेल्टनिपटाना
inter aliaइंटर अलियामध्यांतर
questionक्वेश्चनसवाल
ecologyइकोलॉजीपारिस्थितिकी
environmentएनवायरनमेंटपर्यावरण
Brandtब्रांड्टब्रांड्ट
distinguishedडिस्टिंग्विश्डप्रतिष्ठित
Indianइंडियनभारतीय
membersमेम्बर्ससदस्यों
Mrमिस्टरश्री
L.K.एल.के.एल.के.
Jhaज्हाझा

 The First Brandt Report raised the question — “Are we to leave our successors a scorched planet of advancing deserts, impoverished landscapes and ailing environment?” Mr Lester R. Brown in his thoughtful book, 

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
Firstफर्स्टपहला
Brandtब्रांड्टब्रांड्ट
Reportरिपोर्टरिपोर्ट
questionक्वेश्चनसवाल
leaveलीवछोड़ना
successorsसक्सेसर्सउत्तराधिकारी
scorchedस्कॉर्च्डजले हुए
planetप्लैनेटग्रह
advancingएडवांसिंगआगे बढ़ रहा
desertsडिज़र्ट्सरेगिस्तान
impoverishedइम्पॉवेरिश्डगरीबी भरा
landscapesलैंडस्केप्सप्राकृतिक दृश्य
ailingएलिंगबीमार
environmentएनवायरनमेंटपर्यावरण
Mrमिस्टरश्री
Lesterलेस्टरलेस्टर
R.आरआर
Brownब्राउनभूरा
thoughtfulथॉटफ़ुलसोचनेवाला
bookबुककिताब

The Global Economic Prospect, points out that the earth’s principal biological systems are four — fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands — and they form the foundation of the global economic system. In addition to supplying our food, these four systems provide virtually all the raw materials for industry except minerals and petroleum-derived synthetics.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
Globalग्लोबलवैश्विक
Economicइकॉनॉमिकआर्थिक
Prospectप्रोस्पेक्टसंभावना
pointsपॉइंट्सदिखाना
earth’sअर्थ्सपृथ्वी का
principalप्रिन्सिपलमुख्य
biologicalबायोलॉजिकलजैविक
systemsसिस्टम्सप्रणाली
fisheriesफिशरीज़मत्स्याधार
forestsफॉरेस्ट्सजंगल
grasslandsग्रासलैंड्सघास के मैदान
croplandsक्रोपलैंड्सखेती के भूमि
formफॉर्मरचना
foundationफाउंडेशनआधार
globalग्लोबलवैश्विक
economicइकॉनॉमिकआर्थिक
systemसिस्टमप्रणाली
additionएडिशनइलावा
supplyingसप्लाईंगआपूर्ति
foodफ़ूडखाद्य
provideप्रोवाइडप्रदान करना
virtuallyवर्चुअलीलगभग
rawरॉकच्चा
materialsमटेरियल्ससामग्री
industryइंडस्ट्रीउद्योग
exceptएक्सेप्टकेवल
mineralsमिनरल्सखनिज
petroleum-derivedपेट्रोलियम डिराइव्डपेट्रोलियम डिराइव्ड
syntheticsसिंथेटिक्ससंश्लेषित

 In large areas of the world, human claims on these systems are reaching an unsustainable level, a point where their productivity is being impaired. When this happens, fisheries collapse, forests disappear, grasslands are converted into barren wastelands, and croplands deteriorate. 

nglish WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
largeलार्जबड़ा
areasएरियाज़क्षेत्र
worldवर्ल्डदुनिया
humanह्यूमनमानव
claimsक्लेम्सदावे
systemsसिस्टम्सप्रणाली
reachingरीचिंगपहुंचना
unsustainableअनस्टेनेबलअस्थायी
levelलेवलस्तर
pointपॉइंटबिंदु
productivityप्रोडक्टिविटीउत्पादकता
impairedइम्पेयर्डक्षतिग्रस्त
happensहैपेन्सहोता है
fisheriesफिशरीज़मत्स्याधार
collapseकॉलैप्सढहना
forestsफॉरेस्ट्सजंगल
disappearडिसपियरगायब होना
grasslandsग्रासलैंड्सघास के मैदान
convertedकन्वर्टेडपरिवर्तित
barrenबैरेनबंजर
wastelandsवेस्टलैंड्सव्यर्थ भूमि
croplandsक्रोपलैंड्सखेती के भूमि
deteriorateडिटीरियरेटक्षयित होना

In a protein-conscious and proteinhungry world, over-fishing is common every day. In poor countries, local forests are being decimated in order to procure firewood for cooking. In some places, firewood has become so expensive that “what goes under the pot now costs more than what goes inside it”. 

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
protein-consciousप्रोटीन-कॉन्शियसप्रोटीन-सचेत
proteinhungryप्रोटीनहंग्रीप्रोटीन-भूखा
worldवर्ल्डदुनिया
over-fishingओवर-फिशिंगअधिक मछलीपकड़
commonकॉमनसामान्य
dayडेदिन
poorपूरगरीब
countriesकंट्रीज़देशों
localलोकलस्थानीय
forestsफॉरेस्ट्सजंगल
beingबीइंगहोना
decimatedडेसीमेटेडनष्ट होना
orderऑर्डरआदेश
procureप्रोक्यूरप्राप्त करना
firewoodफायरवुडलकड़ी
cookingकुकिंगपकाना
someसमकुछ
placesप्लेसेज़जगहों
expensiveएक्सपेंसिवमहंगा
goesगोजजाता है
underअंडरके नीचे
potपॉटबरतन
costsकॉस्ट्सकीमत होती है
insideइनसाइडअंदर

Since the tropical forest is, in the words of Dr Myers, “the powerhouse of evolution”, several species of life face extinction as a result of its destruction It has been well said that forests precede mankind; deserts follow.”

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
tropicalट्रॉपिकलउष्णकटिबंधी
forestफॉरेस्टजंगल
wordsवर्ड्सशब्दों
extinctionएक्स्टिंक्शनप्राणी नाश
resultरिजल्टपरिणाम
destructionडिस्ट्रक्शनविनाश
wellवेलअच्छे से
speciesस्पीशीज़प्रजातियों
lifeलाइफजीवन
precedeप्रीसीडपहले आना
mankindमैनकाइंडमानवता
desertsडिज़र्ट्सरेगिस्तान
followफॉलोपश्चात आना

 The world’s ancient patrimony of tropical forests is now eroding at the rate of forty to fifty million acres a year, and the growing use of dung for burning deprives the soil of an important natural fertiliser. The World Bank estimates that a five-fold increase in the rate of forest planting is needed to cope with the expected fuelwood demand in the year 2000.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
worldवर्ल्डदुनिया
ancientएंशिएंटप्राचीन
patrimonyपैट्रिमोनीविरासत
tropicalट्रॉपिकलउष्णकटिबंधी
forestsफॉरेस्ट्सजंगल
erodingइरोडिंगक्षयित हो रहा है
rateरेटदर
millionमिलियनदस लाख
acresएकर्सएकड़
yearईयरसाल
growingग्रोइंगबढ़ता हुआ
useयूज़उपयोग
dungडंगमल
burningबर्निंगजलाना
deprivesडिप्राइव्सवंचित करता है
soilसॉइलमिट्टी
importantइम्पॉर्टेंटमहत्वपूर्ण
naturalनैचरलप्राकृतिक
fertiliserफ़र्टिलाइज़रउर्वरक
estimatesएस्टिमेट्सआंकलन
five-foldफाइव-फोल्डपांच गुना
increaseइन्क्रीसवृद्धि
copeकोपनिपटना
expectedएक्सपेक्टेडअपेक्षित
fuelwoodफ्यूलवुडईंधन की लकड़ी
demandडिमांडमांग
yearईयरसाल
2000टूथाउज़ेंड२०००

James Speth, the President of the World Resources Institute, said the other day, “We were saying that we are losing the forests at an acre a second, but it is much closer to an acre-and-a-half to a second”.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
Jamesजेम्सजेम्स
Spethस्पेथस्पेथ
Presidentप्रेजिडेंटराष्ट्रपति
Worldवर्ल्डदुनिया
Resourcesरिसोर्सेज़संसाधन
Instituteइंस्टीट्यूटसंस्थान
saidसेडकहा
dayडेदिन
losingलूज़िंगखो रहे हैं
forestsफॉरेस्ट्सजंगल
acreएकरएकड़
closerक्लोज़रऔर नजदीक
secondसेकंडसेकंड
muchमच्छबहुत
toटूको
andएंडऔर
halfहाफआधा

Article 48A of the Constitution of India provides that “the State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country”. But what causes endless anguish is the fact that laws are never respected nor enforced in India. 

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
Articleआर्टिकललेख
Constitutionकॉन्स्टिट्यूशनसंविधान
Indiaइंडियाभारत
Stateस्टेटराज्य
endeavourएंडेवरप्रयास
protectप्रोटेक्टसंरक्षित करें
improveइम्प्रूवसुधारें
environmentएनवायरनमेंटपर्यावरण
safeguardसेफगार्डसंरक्षण करें
forestsफॉरेस्ट्सजंगल
wildlifeवाइल्डलाइफवन्यजीव
countryकंट्रीदेश
causesकॉज़सकारण
endlessएंडलेसअनंत
anguishऐंग्विशदुःख
factफैक्टतथ्य
lawsलॉज़कानून
respectedरिस्पेक्टिडसम्मानित
enforcedएनफोर्स्डप्रबल किया जाता है
Indiaइंडियाभारत

(For instance, the Constitution says that casteism, untouchability and bonded labour shall be abolished, but they flourish shamelessly even after forty-four years of the operation of the Constitution.) 

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
instanceइन्स्टन्समिसाल, उदाहरण
Constitutionकॉन्स्टिट्यूशनसंविधान
casteismकेस्टीज़मजातिवाद
untouchabilityअन्टचबिलिटीअछूतता
bondedबॉन्डेडबंधनबद्ध
labourलेबरमज़दूरी, कामगारी
abolishedअबॉलिश्डसमाप्त किया गया
flourishफ्लरिशफलना, फूलना, सफल होना
shamelesslyशेमलेस्लीबेशर्मी से, निर्लज्जतापूर्वक
forty-fourफॉर्टी-फोरचौबीस
yearsयियर्ससाल
operationआपेरेशनकार्य
Constitutionकॉन्स्टिट्यूशनसंविधान

A recent report of our Parliament’s Estimates Committee has highlighted the near catastrophic depletion of India’s forests over the last four decades. India, according to reliable data, is losing its forests at the rate of 3.7 million acres a year.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
reportरिपोर्टरिपोर्ट, अह्वान, दिलाए जाने वाली सूचना
Parliamentपार्लियामेंटसंसद
Estimatesएस्टिमेट्सआंकलन, मान्यता
Committeeकमेटीसमिति
catastrophicकैटास्ट्रोफिकविनाशकारी, अप्रत्यक्षता
depletionडिप्लीशनखपत
Indiaइंडियाभारत
forestsफॉरेस्ट्सजंगल, वन
decadesडेकेड्सदशक
reliableरिलायबलविश्वसनीय
dataडेटाआंकड़े, जानकारी
losingलूज़िंगखोना, हार जाना
rateरेटदर
millionमिलियनदस लाख
acresएकड़एकड़
yearइयरसाल

Large areas, officially designated as forest land, “are already virtually treeless”. The actual loss of forests is estimated to be about eight times the rate indicated by government statistics.

English WordHindi Pronunciation (Devanagari)Hindi Meaning
areasएरियासक्षेत्र, क्षेत्रफल
officiallyऑफिशियलीआधिकारिक रूप से
designatedडेजिग्नेटेडनिरूपित
forestफॉरेस्टजंगल, वन
landलैंडभूमि, ज़मीन
virtuallyवर्चुअलीवास्तविक रूप से नहीं, लगभग
treelessट्रीलेसवृक्षहीन
actualअक्चुअलवास्तविक
lossलॉसहानि, नुक़सान
estimatedएस्टिमेटेडआंकलन किया गया
eightएइटआठ
timesटाइम्सबार
rateरेटदर
indicatedइंडिकेटेडदिखाया गया, संकेतित
governmentगवर्नमेंटसरकार
statisticsस्टैटिस्टिक्सआंकड़े, तथ्यांक

A three-year study using satellites and aerial photography conducted by the United Nations, warns that the environment has deteriorated so badly that it is ‘critical’ in many of the eightyeight countries investigated

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
three-yearथ्री-इयरतीन-वर्षीय
studyस्टडीअध्ययन
satellitesसैटलाइट्सउपग्रह
aerialएरियलवायुमंडली
photographyफोटोग्राफीफोटोग्राफी
conductedकंडक्टेडआयोजित
Unitedयूनाइटेडसंयुक्त
Nationsनेशंससंयुक्त राष्ट्र
warnsवार्न्सचेतावनी देना
environmentएनवायरनमेंटपर्यावरण
deterioratedडिटीरिओरेटेडबिगड़ गया
badlyबैडलीबुरी तरह से
criticalक्रिटिकलमहत्वपूर्ण
eightyeightएटीएचएटीअस्थायी
countriesकंट्रीजदेशों
investigatedइन्वेस्टिगेटेडजांच की

There can be no doubt that the growth of world population is one of the strongest factors distorting the future of human society. It took mankind more than a million years to reach the first billion. That was the world population around the year 1800.

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
doubtडाउटसंदेह
growthग्रोथवृद्धि
worldवर्ल्डविश्व
populationपॉपुलेशनजनसंख्या
factorsफैक्टर्सकारक
distortingडिस्टोर्टिंगविकृति
futureफ्यूचरभविष्य
humanह्यूमनमानव
societyसोसायटीसमाज
tookटुकलिया
mankindमैंकाइंडमानवजाति
millionमिलियनदस लाख
yearsयीयर्ससाल
reachरीचपहुंच
firstफर्स्टपहला
billionबिलियनएक अरब
worldवर्ल्डविश्व
populationपॉपुलेशनजनसंख्या
aroundअराउंडचारों ओर
yearयीयरसाल

 By the year 1900, a second billion was added, and the twentieth century has added another 3.7 billion. The present world population is estimated at 5.7 billion. Every four days the world population increases by one million.

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
yearयीयरसाल
billionबिलियनएक अरब
addedऐडेडजोड़ा गया
twentiethट्वेंटीथबीसवीं
centuryसेंचुरीसदी
presentप्रेजेंटवर्तमान
worldवर्ल्डविश्व
populationपॉपुलेशनजनसंख्या
estimatedएस्टिमेटेडअनुमानित
fiveफाइवपांच
everyएवरीहर
fourफोरचार
daysडेजदिन
increasesइन्क्रीसेजेसबढ़ती है
oneवनएक
millionमिलियनदस लाख

Fertility falls as incomes rise, education spreads, and health improves. Thus development is the best contraceptive. But development itself may not be possible if the present increase in numbers continues.

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
fertilityफर्टिलिटीप्रजननता
fallsफॉल्सगिरता है
incomesइनकम्सआय
riseराइजउठता है
educationएजुकेशनशिक्षा
spreadsस्प्रेड्सफैलता है
healthहेल्थस्वास्थ्य
improvesइम्प्रूव्ससुधार होता है
developmentडेवलपमेंटविकास
bestबेस्टसर्वश्रेष्ठ
contraceptiveकॉन्ट्रेसेप्टिवगर्भनिरोधक
possibleपॉसिबलसंभव
presentप्रेजेंटवर्तमान
increaseइन्क्रीसबढ़ोतरी
numbersनंबर्ससंख्याएँ
continuesकंटिन्यूजजारी रहता है

The rich get richer, and the poor beget children which condemns them to remain poor. More children does not mean more workers, merely more people without work. It is not suggested that human beings be treated like cattle and compulsorily sterilised.

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
richरिचधनी
getगेटप्राप्त करें
richerरिचरधनी
poorपूरगरीब
begetबिगेटपैदा करते हैं
childrenचिल्ड्रेनबच्चे
condemnsकंडेम्न्सदोषारोपण करता है
remainरिमेनरहें
workersवर्कर्समजदूर
merelyमेर्लीकेवल
peopleपीपललोग
workवर्ककाम
suggestedसजेस्टेडसुझाव दिया
humanह्यूमनमानव
beingsबीइंग्सप्राणी
treatedट्रीटेडबर्ताव किया
likeलाइकजैसा
cattleकैटलपशु
compulsorilyकंपल्सरिलीअनिवार्य रूप से
sterilisedस्टेरिलाइज्डनपुंसक बनाना

But there is no alternative to voluntary family planning without introducing an element of coercion. The choice is really between control of population and perpetuation of poverty.

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
alternativeआल्टरनेटिववैकल्पिकता
voluntaryवोलंटरीस्वेच्छा
familyफैमिलीपरिवार
planningप्लानिंगयोजना
introducingइन्ट्रोड्यूसिंगप्रस्तुत करना
elementएलिमेंटतत्व
coercionकोअर्शनजबरदस्ती
choiceचॉइसविकल्प
reallyरियलीसचमुच
controlकंट्रोलनियंत्रण
populationपॉपुलेशनजनसंख्या
perpetuationपर्पेचुएशनस्थायीकरण
povertyपावर्टीगरीबी
Class 11 Chapter 4  The Ailing planet 

The population of India is estimated to be 920 million today — more than the entire populations of Africa and South America put together. No one familiar with the conditions in India would doubt that the hope of the people would die in their hungry hutments unless population control is given topmost priority.

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
populationपॉपुलेशनजनसंख्या
Indiaइंडियाभारत
estimatedएस्टिमेटेडअनुमानित
millionमिलियनदस लाख
todayटुडेआज
entireइंटायरपूरा
populationsपॉपुलेशन्सजनसंख्याएं
Africaआफ्रिकाअफ्रीका
South Americaसाउथ अमेरिकादक्षिण अमेरिका
putपुटरखा हुआ
togetherटूगेदरसाथ मिलकर
familiarफेमिलियरपरिचित
conditionsकंडीशंसस्थितियाँ
doubtडाउटसंदेह
hopeहोपआशा
peopleपीपललोग
dieडाइमर जाएं
hungryहंग्रीभूखे
hutmentsहटमेंट्सझोपड़ी
unlessअनलेसजब तक
controlकंट्रोलनियंत्रण
givenगिवनदिया गया
topmostटॉपमोस्टसर्वोच्च
priorityप्रायोरिटीप्राथमिकता
Class 11 Chapter 4  The Ailing planet 

For the first time in human history we see a transcending concern — the survival not just of the people but of the planet. We have begun to take a holistic view of the very basis of our existence. The environmental problem does not necessarily signal our demise, it is our passport for the future.

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
timeटाइमसमय
humanह्यूमनमानव
historyहिस्ट्रीइतिहास
concernकंसर्नचिंता
survivalसर्वाइवलअस्तित्व
peopleपीपललोग
planetप्लैनेटग्रह
holisticहोलिस्टिकसमग्र
viewव्यूदृष्टिकोण
basisबेसिसआधार
existenceएक्सिस्टेंसअस्तित्व
environmentalएनवायरनमेंटलपर्यावरणिक
problemप्राब्लमसमस्या
necessarilyनेसेसरिलीआवश्यकतानुसार
signalसिग्नलसंकेत
demiseडिमाइज़अंत
passportपासपोर्टपासपोर्ट
futureफ्यूचरभविष्य
Class 11 Chapter 4  The Ailing planet 

The emerging new world vision has ushered in the Era of Responsibility. It is a holistic view, an ecological view, seeing the world as an integrated whole rather than a dissociated collection of parts.

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
emergingइमर्जिंगउभरती हुई
newन्यूनया
worldवर्ल्डदुनिया
visionविज़नदृष्टि
usheredयूशर्डशुरू हुआ
Eraएरायुग
Responsibilityरिस्पांसिबिलिटीज़िम्मेदारी
holisticहोलिस्टिकसमग्र
ecologicalइकोलॉजिकलपारिस्थितिकी
viewव्यूदृष्टिकोण
seeingसीइंगदेखना
integratedइंटीग्रेटेडसमेकित
wholeहोलपूर्ण
dissociatedडिसोसिएटेडअलग
collectionकलेक्शनसंग्रह
partsपार्ट्सभाग
Class 11 Chapter 4  The Ailing planet 

Industry has a most crucial role to play in this new Era of Responsibility. What a transformation would be effected if more businessmen shared the view of the Chairman of Du Pont, Mr Edgar S. Woolard

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
Industryइंडस्ट्रीउद्योग
crucialक्रूशियलमहत्वपूर्ण
roleरोलभूमिका
playप्लेखेलना
newन्यूनया
Eraएरायुग
Responsibilityरिस्पांसिबिलिटीज़िम्मेदारी
transformationट्रांसफॉर्मेशनपरिवर्तन
effectedइफेक्टेडप्रभावित
businessmenबिजनेसमेनव्यापारियों
sharedशेयर्डसाझा किया
viewव्यूदृष्टिकोण
Chairmanचेयरमैनअध्यक्ष
Du Pontड्यू पॉंटड्यू पॉंट
Edgarएडगरएडगर
Woolardवूलार्डवूलार्ड
Class 11 Chapter 4  The Ailing planet 

 who, five years ago, declared himself to be the Company’s “Chief Environmental Officer”. He said, “Our continued existence as a leading manufacturer requires that we excel in environmental performance.”

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
yearsयीयर्ससाल
agoअगोपहले
declaredडिक्लेयर्डघोषित
himselfहिमसेल्फखुद
Company’sकंपनीज़कंपनी की
Chiefचीफमुख्य
Environmentalएनवायरनमेंटलपर्यावरणिक
Officerऑफिसरअधिकारी
saidसेडकहा
continuedकंटिन्यूडजारी रहेगा
existenceएक्ज़िस्टेंसअस्तित्व
leadingलीडिंगअग्रणी
manufacturerमैन्युफैक्चररनिर्माता
requiresरिक्वायर्सआवश्यकता
excelएक्सेलउत्कृष्ट होना
environmentalएनवायरनमेंटलपर्यावरणिक
performanceपरफॉर्मेंसप्रदर्शन
Class 11 Chapter 4  The Ailing planet 

of all the statements made by Margaret Thatcher during the years of her Prime Ministership, none has passed so decisively into the current coin of English usage as her felicitous words: “No generation has a freehold on this earth.

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
statementsस्टेटमेंट्सकथन
Margaretमार्गरेटमार्गरेट
Thatcherथैचरथैचर
yearsयीयर्ससाल
Primeप्राइमप्रधान
Ministershipमिनिस्टरशिपमंत्रिपद
generationजेनरेशनपीढ़ी
freeholdफ्रीहोल्डमुक्तमालिका
earthअर्थपृथ्वी
noneननकोई नहीं
passedपास्डगुजर गया
decisivelyडिसाइसिव्लीनिश्चयपूर्वक
currentकरंटमौजूदा
coinकॉइनसिक्का
Englishइंग्लिशअंग्रेज़ी
usageयूसेज़उपयोग
felicitousफिलिसिटसअच्छा
wordsवर्ड्सशब्द
Class 11 Chapter 4  The Ailing planet 

All we have is a life tenancy — with a full repairing lease”. In the words of Mr Lester Brown, “We have not inherited this earth from our forefathers; we have borrowed it from our children.” 

English WordHindi PronunciationHindi Meaning
lifeलाइफजीवन
tenancyटेनेंसीकिराया अधिकार
fullफुलपूर्ण
repairingरिपेयरिंगमरम्मत
leaseलीज़पट्टा
wordsवर्ड्सशब्द
Mrमिस्टरश्री
Lesterलेस्टरलेस्टर
Brownब्राउनभूरा
inheritedइन्हेरिटेडवारिस्तव में लिया
earthअर्थपृथ्वी
forefathersफोरफादर्सपूर्वजों
borrowedबॉरोडउधार लिया
childrenचिल्ड्रेनबच्चे
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