CLASS 7 CHAPTER 1 TRACING CHANGES THROUGH A THOUSAND YEARS
1. Which Arab geographer created the map of the Indian subcontinent in 1154 CE?Answer
Answer: (B) Al-Idrisi
Answer
Answer: (A) The French map shows more detail in the coastal areas
Answer
Answer: (C) Cartographer
Answer
Answer: (C) Kanauj
Answer
Answer: (B) Because historical contexts influence how information is recorded
Answer
Answer: (B) The areas of Punjab, Haryana, and the lands between the Ganga and Yamuna
Answer
Answer: (C) To describe the geography, culture, and fauna of the subcontinent
Answer
Answer: (C) Understanding the changing meanings of words over time
Answer
Answer: (B) Someone who was not part of a village or society
Answer
Answer: (A) Because terms might have different meanings in different periods
Answer
Answer: (B) Coins, inscriptions, architecture, and textual records
Answer
Answer: (C) The number and variety of textual records increased significantly
Answer
Answer: (B) Paper became cheaper and more widely available
Answer
Answer: (C) To write holy texts, chronicles, and letters
Answer
Answer: (C) Scribes often introduced small changes, leading to variations in copies
Answer
Answer: (B) Paper became cheaper and more accessible
Answer
Answer: (B) Rulers, wealthy individuals, monasteries, and temples
Answer
Answer: (B) They provided detailed information about past events and practices
Answer
Answer: (B) Manuscripts had to be copied by hand, introducing errors and variations
Answer
Answer: (C) Archive
Answer
Answer: (B) Writing holy texts, chronicles, and letters
Answer
Answer: (B) Scribes introduced small differences while copying by hand
Answer
Answer: (B) They were stored in libraries and archives
Answer
Answer: (C) Scribes
Answer
Answer: (B) The manuscripts had multiple versions with variations
Answer
Answer: (B) Persian wheel
Answer
Answer: (C) Potatoes, corn, chillies, tea, and coffee
Answer
Answer: (B) Economic, political, social, and cultural changes
Answer
Answer: (B) A warrior group claiming Kshatriya status between the eighth and fourteenth centuries
Answer
Answer: (A) It led to the migration and formation of new peasant groups
Answer
Answer: (B) To extend agriculture and increase cultivation
Answer
Answer: (B) They were forced to migrate or become peasants
Answer
Answer: (B) They were required to pay taxes and provide services to local lords
Answer
Answer: (B) Based on their backgrounds and occupations
Answer
Answer: (A) They enforced rules and regulations for their members
Answer
Answer: (B) A warrior group claiming Kshatriya status between the eighth and fourteenth centuries
Answer
Answer: (B) Chivalric conduct and extreme valor
Answer
Answer: (A) Kayasthas and Brahmins
Answer
Answer: (B) They were forced to migrate or became peasants
Answer
Answer: (B) They paid taxes and offered services to local lords
Answer
Answer: (B) The decline of old empires and the rise of regional states
Answer
Answer: (B) They collected taxes and goods from peasants
Answer
Answer: (B) According to their occupations and backgrounds
Answer
Answer: (B) To enforce rules and manage the conduct of jati members
Answer
Answer: (B) They became integrated into larger societies as peasants
Answer
Answer: (B) The Delhi Sultanate during Muhammad Tughluq’s reign
Answer
Answer: (B) It illustrates the regions under Muhammad Tughluq’s rule
Answer
Answer: (A) Why rulers claimed control over various parts of the subcontinent
Answer
Answer: (B) Amir Khusrau
Answer
Answer: (D) Sanskrit
Answer
Answer: (B) The diversity of languages spoken in different regions
Answer
Answer: (B) Sindhi, Kashmiri, and Awadhi
Answer
Answer: (B) Regions developed distinct geographical dimensions and cultural characteristics
Answer
Answer: (B) They were pan-regional, spanning diverse regions
Answer
Answer: (B) Hindu, Muslim, and British
Answer
Answer: (A) The emergence of new gods and the construction of temples by royalty
Answer
Answer: (B) The emergence of bhakti, emphasizing a personal deity accessible to all
Answer
Answer: (B) Brahmanas (priests)
Answer
Answer: (B) It introduced new beliefs and practices that coexisted with Hinduism
Answer
Answer: (B) They were closely tied to the social and economic organization of communities
Answer
Answer: (B) Into three periods: Hindu, Muslim, and British
Answer
Answer: (B) It overlooks the diversity of the subcontinent
Answer
Answer: (B) Understand the persistence and transformation of ideas and beliefs
Answer
Answer: (A) 700 to 1750
Answer
Answer: (B) The level of prosperity in several regions
Answer
Answer: (B) Modernity is associated with intellectual advancement and material progress
Answer
Answer: (B) The societies and economies underwent considerable change, differing greatly over time
Answer
Answer: (B) Changes and continuities in various aspects of society
Answer
Answer: (B) The increase in trade and prosperity in various regions
Answer
Answer: (C) They were attracted by the prosperity and wealth of the regions
Answer
Answer: (B) It was characterized by the emergence of diverse societies and economies
Answer
Answer: (B) A personal devotion to a deity without the need for priests
Answer
Answer: (C) New rulers seeking prestige
Answer
Answer: (C) The period is sometimes viewed through a narrow religious lens
Answer
Answer: (B) They evolved alongside social and economic changes
CLASS 7 CHAPTER 1 TRACING CHANGES THROUGH A THOUSAND YEARS
mcqs = [ (“Which Arab geographer created the map of the Indian subcontinent in 1154 CE?”, {“A”: “Ibn Battuta”, “B”: “Al-Idrisi”, “C”: “Marco Polo”, “D”: “Ptolemy”}, “B”), (“What major difference is observed between Al-Idrisi’s map (1154 CE) and the map made by a French cartographer in the 1720s?”, {“A”: “The French map shows more detail in the coastal areas”, “B”: “The Al-Idrisi map includes more information about Europe”, “C”: “The French map is smaller in size”, “D”: “The Al-Idrisi map uses Latin script”}, “A”), (“What term is used for a person who creates maps?”, {“A”: “Geographer”, “B”: “Historian”, “C”: “Cartographer”, “D”: “Scribe”}, “C”), (“Which city in Uttar Pradesh is mentioned in Al-Idrisi’s map as Qanauj?”, {“A”: “Varanasi”, “B”: “Lucknow”, “C”: “Kanauj”, “D”: “Allahabad”}, “C”), (“Why do historians need to understand the context in which maps and documents were produced?”, {“A”: “Because materials used in old documents were fragile”, “B”: “Because historical contexts influence how information is recorded”, “C”: “To translate the documents into modern languages”, “D”: “To preserve the documents properly”}, “B”), (“What does the term ‘Hindustan’ refer to in the thirteenth century?”, {“A”: “The entire Indian subcontinent”, “B”: “The areas of Punjab, Haryana, and the lands between the Ganga and Yamuna”, “C”: “Only South India”, “D”: “The coastal regions of India”}, “B”), (“How did Babur use the term ‘Hindustan’ in the early sixteenth century?”, {“A”: “To describe the political boundaries of northern India”, “B”: “To refer only to the southern regions”, “C”: “To describe the geography, culture, and fauna of the subcontinent”, “D”: “To mark trade routes across India”}, “C”), (“What is one of the challenges historians face when interpreting historical records?”, {“A”: “Finding records in modern languages”, “B”: “Translating manuscripts into different languages”, “C”: “Understanding the changing meanings of words over time”, “D”: “Locating the exact dates of each record”}, “C”), (“In the medieval period, how was a ‘foreigner’ defined?”, {“A”: “Someone who came from another country”, “B”: “Someone who was not part of a village or society”, “C”: “Someone who belonged to a different religion”, “D”: “Anyone who was not from the king’s court”}, “B”), (“Why is it important for historians to be cautious when using historical terms?”, {“A”: “Because terms might have different meanings in different periods”, “B”: “Because historical terms are often mistranslated”, “C”: “To avoid misinterpreting the location of historical events”, “D”: “To ensure they are using only modern terminology”}, “A”), (“Which sources do historians rely on to learn about the past from 700 to 1750?”, {“A”: “Newspapers and journals”, “B”: “Coins, inscriptions, architecture, and textual records”, “C”: “Paintings and sculptures”, “D”: “Oral traditions and folk tales”}, “B”), (“What major change occurred in the use of textual records during the period 700 to 1750?”, {“A”: “Textual records decreased in variety and number”, “B”: “Coins and inscriptions became the main source of information”, “C”: “The number and variety of textual records increased significantly”, “D”: “Textual records were replaced by oral traditions”}, “C”), (“How did the availability of paper change during this period?”, {“A”: “Paper became less accessible and more expensive”, “B”: “Paper became cheaper and more widely available”, “C”: “Paper was only used for official documents”, “D”: “Paper was not used during this period”}, “B”), (“What was one of the uses of paper in the period from 700 to 1750?”, {“A”: “To print books and newspapers”, “B”: “To create maps and geographical records”, “C”: “To write holy texts, chronicles, and letters”, “D”: “To make clothing and fabric designs”}, “C”), (“What problem do historians face when using old manuscripts?”, {“A”: “Manuscripts were rarely preserved”, “B”: “Manuscripts are written in unknown languages”, “C”: “Scribes often introduced small changes, leading to variations in copies”, “D”: “Manuscripts are too fragile to read”}, “C”), (“What happened to the availability of paper during the period from the thirteenth to the fourteenth century?”, {“A”: “Paper became more expensive and rare”, “B”: “Paper became cheaper and more accessible”, “C”: “The use of paper declined”, “D”: “Paper was only used for religious texts”}, “B”), (“Who primarily collected manuscripts during this period?”, {“A”: “Farmers and traders”, “B”: “Rulers, wealthy individuals, monasteries, and temples”, “C”: “Foreign merchants and travelers”, “D”: “School teachers and students”}, “B”), (“What role did manuscripts play in historical research?”, {“A”: “They were used for decoration only”, “B”: “They provided detailed information about past events and practices”, “C”: “They replaced all other forms of records”, “D”: “They were primarily used for taxation purposes”}, “B”), (“Why did the absence of the printing press present a challenge in preserving manuscripts?”, {“A”: “It led to the loss of all written records”, “B”: “Manuscripts had to be copied by hand, introducing errors and variations”, “C”: “It made paper very expensive”, “D”: “Manuscripts could not be distributed widely”}, “B”), (“What term is used to describe a place where documents and manuscripts are stored?”, {“A”: “Library”, “B”: “Museum”, “C”: “Archive”, “D”: “Monastery”}, “C, (“What was one of the primary uses of paper during the period from 700 to 1750?”, {“A”: “Printing newspapers”, “B”: “Writing holy texts, chronicles, and letters”, “C”: “Creating clothing patterns”, “D”: “Recording agricultural data only”}, “B”), (“Why did manuscripts often have variations during this period?”, {“A”: “Authors intentionally made changes”, “B”: “Scribes introduced small differences while copying by hand”, “C”: “Different regions used different materials”, “D”: “Manuscripts were written in different languages”}, “B”), (“How were manuscripts preserved during this period?”, {“A”: “They were kept in private homes”, “B”: “They were stored in libraries and archives”, “C”: “They were buried underground”, “D”: “They were copied and distributed widely”}, “B”), (“Who were responsible for copying manuscripts by hand in the absence of the printing press?”, {“A”: “Nobles”, “B”: “Monks”, “C”: “Scribes”, “D”: “Traders”}, “C”), (“What challenge did historians face when working with manuscripts from this period?”, {“A”: “The manuscripts were written in unknown languages”, “B”: “The manuscripts had multiple versions with variations”, “C”: “The manuscripts were printed incorrectly”, “D”: “The manuscripts were written on fragile leaves”}, “B”), (“What technological advancement during this period was used in irrigation?”, {“A”: “Spinning wheel”, “B”: “Persian wheel”, “C”: “Steam engine”, “D”: “Water mill”}, “B”), (“Which new crops were introduced to the Indian subcontinent during this period?”, {“A”: “Wheat and barley”, “B”: “Rice and sugarcane”, “C”: “Potatoes, corn, chillies, tea, and coffee”, “D”: “Cotton and spices”}, “C”), (“What was a significant consequence of the introduction of new technologies and crops in the Indian subcontinent?”, {“A”: “Decrease in population”, “B”: “Economic, political, social, and cultural changes”, “C”: “Decline of trade routes”, “D”: “Loss of traditional farming methods”}, “B”), (“Who were the Rajputs, and when did they become significant?”, {“A”: “A group of merchants prominent in the fifteenth century”, “B”: “A warrior group claiming Kshatriya status between the eighth and fourteenth centuries”, “C”: “A religious sect from the sixteenth century”, “D”: “A caste of scribes and administrators”}, “B”), (“What impact did the clearing of forests have on the people living in those areas?”, {“A”: “It led to the migration and formation of new peasant groups”, “B”: “It resulted in the complete abandonment of the land”, “C”: “It created new trade routes for merchants”, “D”: “It caused a decline in the agricultural economy”}, “A”), (“What was the primary reason for the gradual clearing of forests during this period?”, {“A”: “To build new cities and infrastructure”, “B”: “To extend agriculture and increase cultivation”, “C”: “To create space for industrial factories”, “D”: “To establish new trade routes”}, “B”), (“How did the extension of agriculture affect forest-dwellers?”, {“A”: “They became rulers of new territories”, “B”: “They were forced to migrate or become peasants”, “C”: “They expanded their territories”, “D”: “They began practicing commerce and trade”}, “B”), (“What was a significant characteristic of the new peasant groups that emerged during this period?”, {“A”: “They paid no taxes”, “B”: “They were required to pay taxes and provide services to local lords”, “C”: “They became rulers of independent states”, “D”: “They only engaged in trade activities”}, “B”), (“How were the people grouped into different ranks or ‘jatis’ during this period?”, {“A”: “Based on their geographical location”, “B”: “Based on their backgrounds and occupations”, “C”: “According to their wealth”, “D”: “According to their political affiliations”}, “B”), (“What role did ‘jati panchayats’ play in the society of this period?”, {“A”: “They enforced rules and regulations for their members”, “B”: “They collected taxes from farmers”, “C”: “They served as military leaders”, “D”: “They maintained trade records for merchants”}, “A”), (“Who were the Rajputs, according to the content from this period?”, {“A”: “A group of traders and merchants”, “B”: “A warrior group claiming Kshatriya status between the eighth and fourteenth centuries”, “C”: “A religious sect that emerged in the seventeenth century”, “D”: “A community of scribes and scholars”}, “B”), (“What quality was often attributed to the Rajputs by their poets and bards?”, {“A”: “Intellectual prowess”, “B”: “Chivalric conduct and extreme valor”, “C”: “Wealth and prosperity”, “D”: “Artistic talent”}, “B”), (“Which other groups, besides the Rajputs, became politically important during this period?”, {“A”: “Kayasthas and Brahmins”, “B”: “Artisans and traders”, “C”: “Merchants and foreign invaders”, “D”: “Farmers and herders”}, “A”), (“What was the impact of the clearing of forests on forest-dwellers?”, {“A”: “They expanded their territories”, “B”: “They were forced to migrate or became peasants”, “C”: “They formed new kingdoms”, “D”: “They became merchants and traders”}, “B”), (“How did the new peasant groups integrate into the society during this period?”, {“A”: “They formed independent kingdoms”, “B”: “They paid taxes and offered services to local lords”, “C”: “They focused solely on trade”, “D”: “They became part of the military”}, “B”), (“What was the reason for the emergence of new political groups, like the Rajputs, during this period?”, {“A”: “The expansion of trade networks”, “B”: “The decline of old empires and the rise of regional states”, “C”: “The arrival of foreign traders and merchants”, “D”: “The increase in agricultural productivity”}, “B”), (“What role did chieftains, priests, monasteries, and temples play in the lives of new peasant groups?”, {“A”: “They controlled the trade routes”, “B”: “They collected taxes and goods from peasants”, “C”: “They provided military training”, “D”: “They taught peasants new farming techniques”}, “B”), (“How were people grouped into different ‘jatis’ during this period?”, {“A”: “Based on their political influence”, “B”: “According to their occupations and backgrounds”, “C”: “According to their religious beliefs”, “D”: “Based on their wealth and land ownership”}, “B”), (“What was the function of the ‘jati panchayat’ in the society during this period?”, {“A”: “To collect taxes from farmers”, “B”: “To enforce rules and manage the conduct of jati members”, “C”: “To manage trade between different regions”, “D”: “To provide military support to rulers”}, “B”), (“What was a major impact of the migration of forest-dwellers as agriculture expanded?”, {“A”: “They formed new trading communities”, “B”: “They became integrated into larger societies as peasants”, “C”: “They established new independent states”, “D”: “They focused on military expansion”}, “B”), (“Which empire’s provinces are shown in the map on page 10, according to the Egyptian source Masalik al-Mamalik al-Amsar?”, {“A”: “The Mughal Empire”, “B”: “The Delhi Sultanate during Muhammad Tughluq’s reign”, “C”: “The Mauryan Empire”, “D”: “The Gupta Empire”}, “B”), (“What is the significance of the map detailing the provinces of the Delhi Sultanate?”, {“A”: “It shows the expansion of the Mughal Empire”, “B”: “It illustrates the regions under Muhammad Tughluq’s rule”, “C”: “It depicts the trade routes of the subcontinent”, “D”: “It shows the rise of the Maratha Kingdom”}, “B”), (“What do historians attempt to understand about the exaggerated territorial claims made by rulers?”, {“A”: “Why rulers claimed control over various parts of the subcontinent”, “B”: “The artistic style used in ancient maps”, “C”: “How rulers managed their court affairs”, “D”: “The influence of foreign travelers on local politics”}, “A”), (“In 1318, which poet noted the variety of languages spoken across different regions of the subcontinent?”, {“A”: “Al-Idrisi”, “B”: “Amir Khusrau”, “C”: “Babur”, “D”: “Kalhana”}, “B”), (“According to Amir Khusrau, which language was distinct from all regional languages and known only to the Brahmanas?”, {“A”: “Telangani”, “B”: “Lahori”, “C”: “Sindhi”, “D”: “Sanskrit”}, “D”), (“What does Amir Khusrau’s observation about languages in 1318 highlight?”, {“A”: “The uniformity of language across regions”, “B”: “The diversity of languages spoken in different regions”, “C”: “The decline of regional languages”, “D”: “The superiority of Sanskrit over all other languages”}, “B”), (“Which languages did Amir Khusrau mention as being spoken in different regions?”, {“A”: “Arabic, Persian, and Sanskrit”, “B”: “Sindhi, Kashmiri, and Awadhi”, “C”: “Hindawi, Punjabi, and Bengali”, “D”: “English, French, and Dutch”}, “B”), (“How did the geographical dimensions of regions change by 700 CE?”, {“A”: “Regions became more isolated”, “B”: “Regions developed distinct geographical dimensions and cultural characteristics”, “C”: “All regions merged into one empire”, “D”: “Geographical features became irrelevant”}, “B”), (“What was one characteristic of the major empires that arose in the Indian subcontinent?”, {“A”: “They were all centered in the north”, “B”: “They were pan-regional, spanning diverse regions”, “C”: “They focused solely on trade”, “D”: “They did not have any cultural influences”}, “B”), (“What were the three historical periods that British historians divided Indian history into during the nineteenth century?”, {“A”: “Ancient, Medieval, and Modern”, “B”: “Hindu, Muslim, and British”, “C”: “Rural, Urban, and Industrial”, “D”: “Prehistoric, Historic, and Posthistoric”}, “B”), (“What were some major religious developments during the period from 700 to 1750?”, {“A”: “The emergence of new gods and the construction of temples by royalty”, “B”: “The decline of all religious practices”, “C”: “The introduction of Christianity to India”, “D”: “The unification of all religious practices under one doctrine”}, “A”), (“What idea emerged during this period in relation to Hinduism?”, {“A”: “The rejection of all deities”, “B”: “The emergence of bhakti, emphasizing a personal deity accessible to all”, “C”: “The formation of a singular religion combining all beliefs”, “D”: “A strict adherence to ancient rituals”}, “B”), (“Which group in society began to gain a dominant position due to the support of rulers?”, {“A”: “Warriors”, “B”: “Brahmanas (priests)”, “C”: “Merchants”, “D”: “Farmers”}, “B”), (“How did the arrival of Islam influence the subcontinent?”, {“A”: “It led to the decline of all other religions”, “B”: “It introduced new beliefs and practices that coexisted with Hinduism”, “C”: “It solely focused on conversion”, “D”: “It had no impact on existing cultures”}, “B”), (“What was a key characteristic of collective beliefs during this period?”, {“A”: “They were solely personal and private”, “B”: “They were closely tied to the social and economic organization of communities”, “C”: “They did not vary across different regions”, “D”: “They were always enforced by law”}, “B”), (“How did historians traditionally divide Indian history in the nineteenth century?”, {“A”: “By major religious movements”, “B”: “Into three periods: Hindu, Muslim, and British”, “C”: “By geographical regions”, “D”: “Based on economic development”}, “B”), (“What criticism is mentioned regarding the traditional periodization of Indian history?”, {“A”: “It is too focused on agriculture”, “B”: “It overlooks the diversity of the subcontinent”, “C”: “It emphasizes only military history”, “D”: “It ignores the influence of trade”}, “B”), (“What does the study of time in history allow historians to do?”, {“A”: “Identify the exact dates of events”, “B”: “Understand the persistence and transformation of ideas and beliefs”, “C”: “Create a linear timeline of events”, “D”: “Focus solely on political changes”}, “B”), (“During which historical period did significant changes occur in societies across the subcontinent?”, {“A”: “700 to 1750”, “B”: “1200 to 1500”, “C”: “1800 to 1900”, “D”: “300 to 700”}, “A”), (“What was one of the major factors attracting European trading companies to the subcontinent?”, {“A”: “The decline of local industries”, “B”: “The level of prosperity in several regions”, “C”: “The lack of natural resources”, “D”: “The stability of local governments”}, “B”), (“What significant transformation occurred in the perception of the medieval period in comparison to modernity?”, {“A”: “The medieval period was viewed as a time of stagnation and lack of change”, “B”: “Modernity is associated with intellectual advancement and material progress”, “C”: “The medieval period was completely isolated from other cultures”, “D”: “Both periods were seen as equally progressive”}, “B”), (“Why is it problematic to describe the entire period from 700 to 1750 as one historical unit?”, {“A”: “There were no significant changes during this period”, “B”: “The societies and economies underwent considerable change, differing greatly over time”, “C”: “All regions of the subcontinent were the same”, “D”: “Historians have no sources from this period”}, “B”), (“What does the text suggest historians should look for when studying this time period?”, {“A”: “Signs of conflict and war only”, “B”: “Changes and continuities in various aspects of society”, “C”: “Only economic changes”, “D”: “Cultural isolation”}, “B”), (“Which of the following is mentioned as a significant economic factor that changed during this period?”, {“A”: “The decline of agricultural practices”, “B”: “The increase in trade and prosperity in various regions”, “C”: “The reduction of taxes”, “D”: “The establishment of new military regimes”}, “B”), (“What can be inferred about the role of European trading companies during this period?”, {“A”: “They had no interest in the subcontinent”, “B”: “They contributed to the decline of local economies”, “C”: “They were attracted by the prosperity and wealth of the regions”, “D”: “They were focused solely on military conquest”}, “C”), (“According to the text, what was a significant aspect of the historical study of the medieval period?”, {“A”: “It lacked any significant developments”, “B”: “It was characterized by the emergence of diverse societies and economies”, “C”: “It was a period of complete isolation from the rest of the world”, “D”: “It was solely focused on religious changes”}, “B”), (“What does the term ‘bhakti’ refer to in the context of religious developments?”, {“A”: “A type of agricultural practice”, “B”: “A personal devotion to a deity without the need for priests”, “C”: “A royal decree”, “D”: “A form of artistic expression”}, “B”), (“Which group played a significant role in supporting the Brahmanas during this period?”, {“A”: “Merchants”, “B”: “Warriors”, “C”: “New rulers seeking prestige”, “D”: “Peasants”}, “C”), (“What challenge does the author suggest historians face when interpreting the medieval period?”, {“A”: “There is an abundance of records”, “B”: “Historians often misinterpret cultural practices”, “C”: “The period is sometimes viewed through a narrow religious lens”, “D”: “There is no continuity in records”}, “C”), (“What does the text imply about the changes in religious beliefs during the medieval period?”, {“A”: “They remained static and unchanged”, “B”: “They evolved alongside social and economic changes”, “C”: “They only affected the elite class”, “D”: “They led to the complete abandonment of traditional practices”}, “B”) ]